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Learn/Japanese/Grammar

Japanese Grammar

Master Japanese grammar patterns with clear explanations, real-world examples, and interactive practice.

JLPT N5

〜まで

until, up to, even

→

〜方がいい

should, had better

→

〜だけ

only, just

→

〜しか〜ない

nothing but, only

→

〜ないといけない

must, have to

→

〜てもいいですか

may I?, is it okay to?

→

〜後で

after

→

〜時

when

→

〜がきらい

dislike

→

〜ましょうか

shall I?, shall we?

→

〜がすき

like

→

〜ませんか

won't you?, would you like to?

→

〜になる

to become

→

〜が下手

bad at, unskilled at

→

〜が上手

good at, skilled at

→

もう〜た

already did

→

まだ〜ていない

have not yet, still have not

→

あまり〜ない

not very, not much

→

〜に行く/来る

Go/Come to do

→

〜ないでください

Please don't

→

〜ほしい

Want (something)

→

〜前に

Before doing

→

〜ましょう

Let's do / Shall we

→

〜てから

After doing

→

〜でしょう/だろう

Probably / I suppose / Right?

→

〜んです/のです

It is that... / The thing is...

→

〜より〜の方が

A is more... than B

→

〜けど/けれども

But / Although

→

〜から

Because (reason)

→

〜たい

Want to do

→

〜てください

Please do

→

〜ている

Ongoing action or resulting state

→

JLPT N4

〜くらい/ぐらい

about, approximately, to the extent

→

〜って

casual quotation, I heard that

→

〜として

as (in the role of)

→

〜ば〜ほど

the more... the more

→

〜させてください

please let me, please allow me to

→

JLPT N3

〜につき

due to, per, because of

→

〜ながらも

although, even while, despite

→

〜ように見える

looks like, appears to be

→

〜かける/かけ

about to, half-done, in the middle of

→

〜とおり/どおり

as, according to, in the way

→

JLPT N2

〜どころではない

not in a position to, far from

→

〜ことなく

without doing

→

〜以上(は)

since, now that, as long as

→

〜だけあって

as expected of, befitting

→

〜まい

will not, probably not, shall not

→

JLPT N1

〜んばかり

as if about to, on the verge of

→

〜ものを

although, if only, I wish

→

〜ずくめ

entirely, nothing but, all

→

〜ならでは

unique to, only possible with

→

〜までもない

no need to, not necessary to

→

〜てもらえませんか

could you please?

→

〜はずがない

cannot be, impossible that

→

〜わけだ

that is why, so that means, no wonder

→

〜によって

depending on, by means of, due to

→

〜について

about, concerning

→

〜させられる

to be made to do (causative-passive)

→

〜終わる

to finish doing

→

〜始める

to start doing

→

〜たがる

to want to (third person)

→

〜がる

to show signs of, to appear

→

〜にくい

hard to do, difficult to

→

〜やすい

easy to do

→

〜なさい

do (command)

→

〜続ける

to continue doing

→

〜ようとする

Try to / About to

→

〜てほしい

Want someone to do

→

〜ばかり

Just did / Only / Nothing but

→

〜てしまう

Completely / Unfortunately / Accidentally

→

〜なくてもいい

Do not have to / It is okay not to

→

〜ところ

About to / Just did / In the middle of

→

〜と (条件)

When / If (natural or habitual result)

→

〜そうだ (伝聞)

I heard that / They say that

→

〜ことになる

It has been decided / It turns out that

→

〜てあげる

Do something for someone's benefit

→

可能形

Can do / Able to

→

使役形

Make/Let someone do

→

〜ようだ/みたいだ

Seems like / Appears to be / Like

→

〜ために

In order to / For the purpose of / Because of

→

〜ないで

Without doing / Instead of doing / Don't

→

〜すぎる

Too much / Excessively

→

〜はず

Should be / Supposed to / Expected to

→

〜つもり

Intend to / Plan to

→

〜らしい

Apparently / I heard that / Typical of

→

〜たり〜たりする

Doing things like X and Y

→

〜し

And also / Not only... but also

→

〜そうだ (様態)

Looks like / Seems like (appearance)

→

〜ても

Even if / Even though

→

〜ば

If (conditional)

→

〜たら

If / When (conditional)

→

〜と思う

I think that

→

という

Called / That says / Known as

→

受身形

Passive voice

→

かもしれない

Might / Maybe

→

〜ので

Because / Since

→

〜ながら

While doing

→

〜ことができる

Can / Be able to

→

〜ことがある

Have the experience of / Sometimes

→

〜てはいけない

Must not / Is forbidden

→

〜てもいい

May / Is allowed to

→

〜なければならない

Must / Have to

→

〜てみる

Try doing something

→

〜ておく

Doing in advance / Leaving as is

→

〜てある

Resulting state from intentional action

→

〜てくる

Change up to now / Coming and doing

→

〜ようになる

Come to do / Become able to

→

〜ていく

Continuing into the future / Going and doing

→

〜ように

So that / In order to

→

〜てくれる

Someone does a favor for you

→

〜ことにする

Deciding to do something

→

〜ようにする

Making an effort to do something

→

〜てもらう

Receiving a favor from someone

→

〜ということだ

it means that, I heard that

→

〜だらけ

full of, covered with

→

〜ことだ

should, ought to (advice)

→

〜ものだから

because (excuse/explanation)

→

〜てばかりいる

do nothing but, keep doing

→

〜きり

only, since then, just

→

〜にしては

for, considering

→

〜からには

now that, since, as long as

→

〜かわりに

instead of, in exchange for

→

〜こそ

precisely, indeed, emphasis

→

〜さえ

even

→

〜というのは

What X means is / The reason is

→

〜せいか

Perhaps because / Maybe due to

→

〜せいで

Because of (negative cause)

→

〜向け

Targeted at / Designed for

→

〜てしょうがない

Can't help / Unbearably / Extremely

→

〜ことから

From the fact that / Because

→

〜うちに

While / Before it's too late

→

〜最中に

In the middle of / Right in the midst of

→

〜向き

Suitable for / Intended for

→

〜気味

Slight tendency / A bit / -ish

→

〜がち

Tend to / Prone to (negative)

→

〜てならない

Can't help but feel / Extremely

→

〜てたまらない

Unbearably / Extremely / Can't stand

→

〜ことになっている

It's expected that / It's scheduled that

→

〜ないことはない

Not impossible / Somewhat

→

〜わりに

Considering / For / Despite

→

〜としても

Even if (hypothetical)

→

〜にしても

Even if / Even so / Whether...or

→

〜からといって

Just because... doesn't mean

→

〜ように言う

Tell someone to

→

〜ばいいのに

I wish / If only

→

〜ことはない

No need to / Don't have to

→

〜たとたん

The moment / As soon as

→

〜ついでに

While at it / On the occasion of

→

〜ことにしている

Make it a habit to / Make it a rule to

→

〜わけにはいかない

Cannot afford to / Must not

→

〜ものだ

Used to / Should / It's natural that

→

〜わけがない

There's no way / Impossible

→

〜くせに

Even though / Despite (critical)

→

〜っぽい

-ish / Seems like / Tends to

→

〜っけ

What was it again? / Remind me

→

〜ほど

To the extent that / So...that / About

→

〜べき

Should / Ought to (moral obligation)

→

おかげで

Thanks to / Because of (positive)

→

〜まま

As is / Without changing

→

〜のに

Although / Despite

→

〜たばかり

Just did something

→

〜ようと思う

Intend to / Think I will

→

〜ずに

Without doing something

→

〜ばよかった

Should have done / I wish I had

→

〜わけではない

It does not mean that / It is not the case that

→

てしまいました vs ちゃいました

Formal vs casual completion

→

のって vs んだって

Explaining vs hearsay

→

ちゃう/じゃう

Accidentally doing something regrettable

→

〜にあたって

on the occasion of, when

→

〜げ

seeming, -ish, appearing

→

〜はもちろん

not to mention, of course

→

〜ものなら

if only I could, if it were possible

→

〜を込めて

filled with, putting (emotion) into

→

〜ぬく

do thoroughly, to the end

→

〜ずにはいられない

cannot help but, cannot resist

→

〜さえ〜ば

if only, as long as

→

〜からこそ

precisely because, it is because

→

〜にすぎない

merely, only, nothing more than

→

〜たとえ〜ても

even if, no matter

→

〜にもかかわらず

Despite / In spite of

→

〜を問わず

Regardless of / Irrespective of

→

〜に加えて

In addition to / On top of

→

〜とともに

Along with / As well as / Together with

→

〜てはじめて

Only after / Not until / For the first time

→

〜ないことには

Unless / Without doing

→

〜たところで

Even if (futility) / No matter if

→

〜反面

On the other hand / While

→

〜あげく

After all... / In the end (negative)

→

〜末に

After / At the end of / Finally

→

〜に従って

In accordance with / As

→

〜に伴って

Along with / Accompanying

→

〜につれて

As... / Along with

→

〜にわたって

Over / Throughout / Spanning

→

〜をもとに

Based on / On the basis of

→

〜を通じて

Through / Throughout / Via

→

〜を中心に

Centered on / Focusing on

→

〜をはじめ

Starting with / Including

→

〜てからでないと

Not until after / Unless first

→

〜ようがない

No way to / Can't possibly

→

〜において

In / At (formal)

→

〜に対して

Toward / Against / In contrast to

→

〜に関して

Regarding / Concerning / About

→

〜にかけては

When it comes to

→

〜っこない

No way / Impossible / Can't possibly

→

〜恐れがある

There's a risk/fear that

→

〜かねない

Might / Could (negative outcome)

→

〜かねる

Unable to / Hesitate to / Find it difficult to

→

〜ものの

Although / Even though

→

〜限り

As long as / Unless / To the extent

→

〜次第

Depending on / As soon as

→

〜上で

After doing / Upon / In the process of

→

〜一方(で)

On the other hand / While / At the same time

→

〜ばかりか

Not only... but also

→

〜どころか

Far from / Let alone / On the contrary

→

〜に決まっている

It's certain that / Of course

→

〜っぱなし

Left ... / Keep ...ing

→

〜とは限らない

Not necessarily / Not always

→

〜ざるを得ない

Have no choice but to / Cannot help but

→

〜に違いない

Must be / No doubt / Certainly

→

〜や否や

as soon as, no sooner than

→

〜てやまない

earnestly, sincerely (wish/hope)

→

〜ないまでも

even if not, at least

→

〜はおろか

let alone, not to mention

→

〜をもって

with, by means of (formal)

→

〜にほかならない

nothing but, none other than

→