...固然...，但是／可是／不過... contrasts two points.
Concession
Formal tone
See examples below for varied real-world usage.
Contrast
- ✅ 他固然努力，但成效有限。
- ❌ 他固然努力。
Not for parallel listing
- ✅ 固然A，但是B。
- ❌ 固然A，而且B。
This method is effective indeed, but costs too much.
He has experience indeed, but communication is not strong.
This plan is fast indeed, but risky.
The price is cheap indeed, but after-sales service is average.
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