被/叫/讓 + agent + verb marks passive/affected constructions where the subject receives an action. 叫/讓 passive usage is colloquial in some contexts.
Affected-subject perspective - foregrounds what happened to subject
Agent optional - doer may be explicit or omitted
Stylistic variation - 被 is standard; 叫/讓 can be colloquial/passive-like
See examples below for varied real-world usage.
Do not mix passive marker with non-action predicates
- Passive needs event/action semantics.
Agent omission is common
- Use when doer unknown/irrelevant.
Register differences matter
- 被 is safer in formal writing.
He was criticized by the teacher.
My bag was taken away.
She was frightened by this incident.
I got soaked by the rain.
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