V + 來/去 directional complements indicate movement orientation relative to speaker/reference point.
Deictic orientation - 來 toward reference point, 去 away
Path + viewpoint integration - movement and perspective encoded together
Core directional system element - essential for motion/event framing
See examples below for varied real-world usage.
Choose 來/去 by viewpoint center
- Usually speaker or contextual anchor.
Not all verbs take directional complements equally
- Check natural collocation.
Different from pure future markers
- Here 來/去 are directional, not temporal.
He walked in (toward here).
Please bring it over first.
She ran out.
Move the chair in.
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