〜一方(で) has two uses:
Contrast - On the other hand, conversely
Simultaneous - While also, at the same time
Can also mean "more and more" with verb dictionary form: 増える一方だ
See examples below for varied real-world usage.
Plain form + 一方(で) = while, on the other hand
Verb dictionary + 一方だ = continues to increase/decrease
- 増える一方だ (keeps increasing)
で is optional in casual speech
While the population decreases, aging is progressing.
Prices keep rising.
In everyday context, While the population decreases, aging is progressing.
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