〜ので

〜ので expresses reason or cause, meaning "because" or "since." It presents reasons objectively and politely.

Formation:

• Verbs/い-adj: Plain form + ので

• な-adj/Noun: + な + ので

ので vs から:

| | ので | から |

|---|------|------|

| Tone | Soft, polite | Direct |

| Feel | Objective | Subjective |

| Use | Explanations, apologies | Opinions, commands |

When to use ので:

• Professional settings

• Giving reasons politely

• Apologizing (遅れたので...)

• Writing

When to use から:

• Casual conversation

• Giving opinions

• Justifying commands (危ないから触るな)