-아/어 대다 means to keep doing something repeatedly, often excessively.
Repetition - 자꾸 울어 대요 (keeps crying)
Excessive - 먹어 대다 (keep eating and eating)
Annoyance - Often implies the action is bothersome
See examples below for varied real-world usage.
Often negative nuance - Too much repetition
Similar to 계속 V but more emphatic
The child keeps crying.
I can't concentrate because my friend keeps chattering next to me.
I think I have indigestion because I kept eating greedily since I was so hungry.
I was flustered because the other person kept showering me with questions.
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