方向補語 (directional complement) combines verbs with directional elements (來, 去, 上, 下, 進, 出, 回, 過, 起, 開) to show movement path and perspective.
Path encoding - specifies where movement goes
Speaker perspective - 來 vs 去 is viewpoint-sensitive
Extended uses - physical motion and metaphorical extension are both common
See examples below for varied real-world usage.
Choose 來 vs 去 by deictic center
- Relative to speaker/context center.
Order of complements matters
- Compound directional forms follow established sequences.
Not every verb combines equally
- Check lexical compatibility and natural collocation.
He walked into the room.
Please sit down.
She ran out.
Take the book out.
He stood up.
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