-(으)시- is the honorific marker inserted into verbs when the subject is someone you respect (elders, teachers, customers, etc.).
Respecting the subject - The person doing the action deserves respect
Not about the listener - About WHO is doing the action, not who you are talking to
Combines with all endings - -시어요, -셨어요, -시겠어요, etc.
Use -시- after vowel stems, -으시- after consonant stems.
See examples below for varied real-world usage.
Vowel stem + 시, Consonant stem + 으시
- 가다 → 가시다
- 먹다 → 드시다 (special honorific verb)
- 읽다 → 읽으시다
Some verbs have special honorific forms
- 먹다/마시다 → 드시다
- 자다 → 주무시다
- 있다 → 계시다
Never use for yourself - Only for others you respect
Mother has come (honorific).
The teacher said (honorific).
Grandfather is sleeping now.
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