〜てある Resulting state from intentional action
Core meaning - Resulting state from intentional action
Form - Transitive Vて + あります; Transitive Vて + ある
Usage - Focus on the highlighted segment in each example; surrounding words can change while the pattern function stays the same.
Use this pattern for its grammatical function, not as a literal word-by-word translation.
See examples below for varied real-world usage.
てある = result state, ている = action in progress
- 窓が開けてある (window has been opened [for a reason])
- 窓が開いている (window is open)
Implies intentional prior action
- ケーキが買ってある (Cake has been bought [ready])
Object takes が, not を
The window has been opened (intentionally).
The beer has been chilled (for later).
The name is written (there).
The air conditioner has been turned on (intentionally).
Find real examples
Discover this pattern in manga, dramas & more
Save for spaced repetition
Add sentences to your study deck
Question 1 of 4
Practice 〜てある and other grammar patterns with manga, dramas, and more.
Start learning free