する → せずに
〜ずに Without doing something
Core meaning - Without doing something
Form - Verb ない-stem + ずに; こずに; せずに
Usage - Focus on the highlighted segment in each example; surrounding words can change while the pattern function stays the same.
Use this pattern for its grammatical function, not as a literal word-by-word translation.
See examples below for varied real-world usage.
ずに = ないで (without doing)
- 食べずに寝た = 食べないで寝た
する → せずに (irregular)
- ✅ 何もせずに
- ❌ しずに
More formal than ないで
I left without saying anything.
I went out without eating breakfast.
I went out without bringing an umbrella.
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