-고 말다 means "end up doing" - the action happened despite intentions, often with regret.
Unintended result - 울고 말았어요 (I ended up crying)
Despite efforts - Something happened anyway
Regrettable outcome - Often negative or unplanned
Implies lack of control - It happened despite trying to prevent it
Often past tense - -고 말았다
Can be positive determination - 꼭 하고 말겠어 (I WILL do it no matter what)
I ended up crying in the end.
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